See changier on Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la-lat",
"3": "la",
"4": "cel-gau",
"inh": "2"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "changier"
},
"expansion": "Old French changier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "changer"
},
"expansion": "Old French changer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French changier. Cognate with Old French changer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "changi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Jersey"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"5": "",
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},
"expansion": "changier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "changier",
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}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guernsey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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],
"glosses": [
"to change"
],
"id": "en-changier-nrf-verb-WB4OyXXt",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Guernsey) to change"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "changi"
}
],
"tags": [
"Guernsey"
]
}
],
"word": "changier"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "chaingeai"
},
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "changeai"
},
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "chainger"
},
{
"lang": "Franc-Comtois",
"lang_code": "roa-fcm",
"word": "tchaindgie"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "changer"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "changier"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "changi"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "canger"
},
{
"lang": "Poitevin-Saintongeais",
"lang_code": "roa-poi",
"word": "chanjhàe"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "candjî"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "coeng³",
"word": "唱"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"word": "sczeńdżowac"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "change"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "change"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chainge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "chaungen"
},
{
"lang": "Old Italian",
"lang_code": "roa-oit",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cangiare"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canciari"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canjear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:cambiāre<ety:from<la-lat:cambiō>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"exchange\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bent, crooked\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)ḱh₂embos\", \"gloss\" : \"crooked\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"to arc\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kh₂em-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*kambos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"cambion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiāre\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"changier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"changier\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "cambiāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambiāre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "changiér"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal changiér",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin or Late Latin cambiāre, from change in conjugation of cambīre. Cognate with Franco-Provençal changiér.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "changier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir changié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en chanjant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "changié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changes",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "change",
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changieve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changieves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changieve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"imperfect",
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]
},
{
"form": "changiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
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"indicative",
"plural",
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]
},
{
"form": "chanjoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changievent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanja",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changerai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changerons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changerez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cangier",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "changer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunger",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "changier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "change"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"english": "Much has it changed his life",
"ref": "c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:",
"text": "Mout avoit changiee sa vie",
"translation": "Much has it changed his life",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to change; to make a change"
],
"id": "en-changier-fro-verb-qAd1vfl5",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "eschangier"
}
]
}
],
"word": "changier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "la",
"4": "cel-gau",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "changier"
},
"expansion": "Old French changier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "changer"
},
"expansion": "Old French changer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French changier. Cognate with Old French changer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "changi",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Jersey"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "changier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "changier",
"name": "nrf-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Guernsey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman terms derived from Gaulish",
"Norman terms derived from Late Latin",
"Norman terms derived from Latin",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Norman terms inherited from Latin",
"Norman terms inherited from Old French",
"Norman verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to change"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Guernsey) to change"
],
"tags": [
"Guernsey"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "changi"
}
],
"word": "changier"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "change"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "chaingeai"
},
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "changeai"
},
{
"lang": "Champenois",
"lang_code": "roa-cha",
"word": "chainger"
},
{
"lang": "Franc-Comtois",
"lang_code": "roa-fcm",
"word": "tchaindgie"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "changer"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "changier"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "changi"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "canger"
},
{
"lang": "Poitevin-Saintongeais",
"lang_code": "roa-poi",
"word": "chanjhàe"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "candjî"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "coeng³",
"word": "唱"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"word": "sczeńdżowac"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "change"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "change"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chainge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheenge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chinge"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cheynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "chynge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "chaungen"
},
{
"lang": "Old Italian",
"lang_code": "roa-oit",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cangiare"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canciari"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canjear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-gau"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:cambiāre<ety:from<la-lat:cambiō>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"exchange\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bent, crooked\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)ḱh₂embos\", \"gloss\" : \"crooked\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"to arc\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kh₂em-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*kambos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"cambion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verb-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cambiāre\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"changier\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"changier\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "cambiāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambiāre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "changiér"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal changiér",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin or Late Latin cambiāre, from change in conjugation of cambīre. Cognate with Franco-Provençal changiér.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "changier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir changié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en chanjant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "changié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changieve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changieves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changieve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changievent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanja",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changerai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changerons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changerez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changeroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "changissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "changissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "change",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chanjons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "changiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cangier",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "changer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaunger",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "changier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "eschangier"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Gaulish",
"Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kh₂em-",
"Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms with quotations",
"Old French verbs",
"Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"english": "Much has it changed his life",
"ref": "c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:",
"text": "Mout avoit changiee sa vie",
"translation": "Much has it changed his life",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to change; to make a change"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
]
}
],
"word": "changier"
}
Download raw JSONL data for changier meaning in All languages combined (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.